Avoiding Cross-Cultural Miscommunication Essay

In the current era of globalization, national boundaries are losing meaning and more and more companies now have their operations spread across various countries of the globe. Multi national companies now operate across different continents and it is typical of a company to have head quarters in one country but be present in multiple counties at the same time. This means that these multi national companies have to adapt to the culture of the company they are operating in. Also, the work force of such companies is an amalgamation of the local people along with some foreign workers and managers so effective communication and smooth operations are only possible if culture is well understood. However, this is not as simple as it seems and cross cultural miscommunications are harmful. Cross cultural miscommunication is not only detrimental to the working environment of the organization but it can also lead to a failure of the company as a whole in the society. To avoid any miscommunication, we first need to examine what culture is made up of. Artifacts, rituals, Stories, histories, myths, legends, jokes, and ceremonies are cultural symbols. By noticing these things and people’s reactions to them we can figure out the cultural norms and values and can avoid transgressing any boundaries. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own race, culture or ethnic group is superior to the rest and the tendency to think like this is greater in MNCs. Many foreign managers or workers think in this manner and antagonize their co workers. This can be over come by encouraging inter cultural communication so that any misunderstandings or predetermined notions or stereo types may be removed. Also, if a cooperative culture is promoted at work and people taught to appreciate/criticize ideas rather than people, this problem may be solved. We also need to examine the interrelationship between attitudes, values, customs and beliefs and culture. A culture shapes the attitudes, values and beliefs of a person and the actions and preferences of the society (that are directly dependant upon the belief) make up the culture. Hence, this shows that there is a two relationship. For instance, the Japanese have a very serious attitude about work and they believe in hard work so working meticulously is a part of their culture. Similarly, the Muslim culture is conservative so they have a negative attitude towards men and women shaking hands and the believe it to be immoral. Global companies need to adopt a ‘glocal strategy’ meaning that they need to amend their global strategy according to the local culture and norms. Before a company enters a new country, formal market research should be conducted in order to make a customer profile according to which the product and promotion strategies will then be designed. International companies should be flexible to minor changes in the product so as to meet the local demands. Pizza hut has been successful all over the world for they have catered to the local taste in every country. For instance, it is spicier in the subcontinent and in countries such as India where people avoid meat; there is large vegetarian and cheese variety. The promotion strategies should also be according to the native culture. Companies should keep in mind that International brand cannot have the same advertising everywhere due to different cultures. When companies are entering a foreign culture, they should be aware of customs, traditions in general and in particular they should know about the psychology of the people. Companies should be aware of the attitude of the people towards work and the products/service the company has to offer. Understanding the local workforce is important for a company because an effective workforce is integral for success and it is crucial to design jobs, compensation packages and motivators that appeal to them. Attitudes toward work, leisure, time, change, family, social mobility and religion play a vital role in shaping the culture. In a collectivist culture, family is the top priority and the much of the leisure time is spent with family. In a society where family ties are weak, work and friends have a greater importance so the culture is an individualist one. In some cultures, there is greater emphasis on work and such people are hard workers by nature and their work is meticulous. The Chinese culture is a classical example of how hard work is an element of the national culture. The physical environment of a place influences the culture of that place as physical conditions such as the weather affect the life style of the people. The architecture of a place also reflects the culture. Moreover, it is important to understand the verbal and non verbal elements of a culture. For instance, the Arabs like to kiss on the cheeks when they meet even during formal meetings but in a British culture, this would be highly inappropriate. Similarly, maintaining eye contact is a non verbal cue, in some cultures it would be a symbol of courage while in others it will be considered insolent. Moreover education and technology are linked to the culture and this is evident by the fact that some cultures such as the Japanese lay stress on innovating and developing technology where as some have a laid back attitude. Some cultures lay stress on education and that is evident by the high literacy levels there. Lastly, media has a two way relationship with culture: mass media not only depicts the culture but it also leads to cultural change in the society. The success of any company also depends on the political and legal system of that country. In countries where there is political turbulence or the policies do not support foreign investment, survival becomes tough for the company as is the case in third world countries like Bangladesh where there is a frequent change in governments that leads to changes in policies too. References Brown, A. (1995). Organizational Culture. Pitman, London. Charles M. and Yongsun, P. (2006). Managing a Global Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities in International Human Resource Management. M. E . Sharpe Dong, Q. , Day, K. D. (2001). Overcoming Ethnocentrism through Developing Intercultural communication sensitivity and Multi culturism. Retrieved on January 16,2009 from http://www. allacademic. com David Straker. Elements of Culture. Retrieved on January 15, 2009 From www. changingminds. org Kwintessential Cross Cultural Solutions. Cross Cultural Communications. Retrieved on January 15, 2009 from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk

How Can Everyone Have Sufficient Clean Water Without Conflict? Essay

Clean water, a necessity for all but not available to all at present. Water scarcity is a serious issue demanding our attention. As numbers suggest around 700 million people around the world do not have enough clean water for drinking, sanitation and other requirements. This number is expected to reach 3 billion by 2025 because of different factors. The demand of water is increasing day by day due to a rise in population, global warming and hence the resulting change in climate across the world. World water scenario is changing at a steep rate. No country or community will be sheltered from the growing water shortage. People will have to resort to extreme measures like relocation from one place to another. Urbanization and industrialization is polluting existing surface and groundwater resources. Increasing demands of growth and development are causing water tables to decline at an alarming rate and agricultural lands are losing their fertility and nutrients (â€Å"Water†). The crisis of freshwater shortage affects 31 countries presently and is expected to upset 48 countries by 2025 (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; Editor’s summary). Figure 5 (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†) shows population in water scarce countries, 1995-2050. Conflicts as a consequence of above mentioned circumstances are inevitable. The big question is how can everyone have sufficient clean water without conflict? Water extraction rate from natural resources like lakes, rivers and underground water wells is faster than their replenishment rate. Figure 1(Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†) below shows links between population and freshwater and figure 2 (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†) below shows distribution of world’s water and availability of freshwater. Population growth in countries like Ethiopia, Pakistan, China, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Peru will have adverse effects on their water resources. More population means more food requirements and hence more agricultural irrigation. To make things worse existing resources are being turned into waste disposals by ever increasing industrialization, urbanization and rising use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. Conservation of water and proper management of the available resources is very important to avoid the coming global hard times (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; Editor’s summary). Figure 4 (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†) shows rising water use. Struggle and conflicts for water among people are unavoidable. Situation is no different in developed and developing countries. Developed countries like Belgium, Great Britain, Poland, Singapore, and North America are already feeling water stress. It becomes difficult for rivers and groundwater resources in UK to satisfy the augmented water demands of summer heat. Similarly in USA, agricultural requirements are fighting for their share with urban needs of water. Different states in India are fighting for their share of water bodies. Chinese farmers are sacrificing their water needs to feed urban demands of cities. Less water for irrigation means less food grains production and eventually a global food crisis. Shared water resources among countries will add to this fight. For instance Africa, where the conditions are already worse, will see different countries fighting for the Nile, Zambezi, Niger, and Volta river basins to meet their water needs. Similarly Aral Sea Basin for Central Asia and rivers like Amu Darya and Syr Darya will be a subject of conflict among Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The US and Mexico also share cold space over the Colorado River (Hinrichsen, Robey and Upadhyay â€Å"Solutions for a Water-Short World†; Ch. 3. 3 ).

Importance of Educational Essay for Students

The LA Times recently ran an article on the decline of field trips in schools, especially since the establishment of No Child Left Behind. Under scrutiny and being analyzed for revision, the No Child Left Behind act has been accused of forcing teachers to focus on preparation for standardized tests at the expense of the overall learning experience. In essence, they will be so busy teaching the children to memorize facts that they will fail to teach them to learn. The article in the Times, written by Seema Mehta, suggests that funding for field trips has declined due to the focus on standardized learning. The teachers featured in the article worry that the educational experience suffers with the decline in field trips.According to the article, there are groups who have recognized the decline and, believing field trips to still be a valuable component to a child's education, have found ways around the problem. Museums have tailored and enhanced their exhibits to comply so well with the standardized requirements that administrators are more willing to include the trips into their schedules. Target was also moved to action, creating a grant program for educators for the purpose of field trips.Perhaps the first and best intervention for this dilemma will be for parents and educators to continue to champion the value of extra-classroom experience for a child's learning environment. If field trips continue to decline in the elementary levels, perhaps educational tours at the secondary and college level will gain momentum. My first trip out of the country was to Colombia, South America, one year after graduating from high school. Possibly the most reluctant student on the journey, I believe now I had the most to learn. That trip awakened me to life in a way I had never imagined. The unfamiliar sights and sounds stirred my senses

Businnes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Businnes - Essay Example It is the case that only approximately 10% of the population of the UAE can trace their lineage back to the original inhabitants of the land, and the influx of a significant number of foreigners has in a way represented a kind of dilution of culture. However the economic crisis has seen a large number of foreigners return to their home countries which in a way has caused the nation to reevaluate their own national identity. Coincidentally, right at the beginning of the financial crisis the nation opened their doors to the Cultural and Scientific Association, which is devoted to the promoting of Emirati culture. From this perspective, one could argue that with the outflow of foreigners would not necessarily have a culturally negative or positive effect, rather it may prompt discussions as to how the Emirates view their culture and how to preserve their culture. With this in mind one must question how originally, the influx of foreigners had affected the culture of the UAE. Without question, if approximately 90% of the population coming from foreign nations there would ultimately be an effect on the cultures and traditions of the UAE. Many things are influenced by the influx of foreigners such as the clothing that people wear, the food that people eat and the pastimes that people partake in. In the case of sport, there are a significant number of cricket players owing to the large influx of nationals from Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and India. According to Nayar (2011) there is a significant quantity of cricketing clubs that are training to learn a Sri Lankan style of bowling. What is interesting from this point is that Cricket is not a sport that is traditionally played in the UAE, moreover adopting a Sri Lankan style of bowling is a testament to the globalization of sport. From the arts perspective, Abu Dhabi will be home to the Middle Eastern c ontingent of the Louvre (Which will showcase a number of foreign pieces). Without

[Banking and Management] Assess the advantages and limitations of Essay

[Banking and Management] Assess the advantages and limitations of universal banking OR all purpose financial institutions - Essay Example tional economic investments, the Chinese banking sector has undertaken the strategies of integrating investment services, advisory and underwriting service, home finance and asset management under the same umbrella of the commercial services provided the banks. The universal banking service offered by the Chinese state-owned banks has certain advantages as well as the limitations. On one hand, the aspect of universal banking enables the banks to increase their sales revenues and profitability by catering to the investment demands of the worldwide markets apart from the commercial services. The limitations of offering universal banking products and services lay due to the fluctuation of international economic conditions and the fluctuation of interest rates, exchange rate that would increase the risk exposure of the investment services. The concept of universal banking includes a wide range of financial services provided by the banks in order to cater to the regular banking as well as the investment needs of the customers. The aspect of â€Å"all purpose financial institutions† is related to offering comprehensive service to the customers that also help the banks to diversify the risk of their business. The various banking products and solutions that are offered under the system of universal banking includes savings and deposits accounts, loans and credit services, management of assets, investment service, underwriting services, financial analysis, advisory services, processing of payments, etc. However, banks may choose to offer specific products and services in a universal banking system depending on their specializations. The Chinese banks have been recently named by a magazine as the one of the world’s largest and profitable banks in the world (Linda and Julapa, 2000, p.33). However, this does not mean that the Chinese banking sector is more resilient to the complexities of international economies. Although developments in the Chinese banking sector have

Ethics of Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics of Engineering - Essay Example The engineering profession makes significant contributions to the everyday work and life of the government, private and public companies, as well as the general public. As Weil, in discussing the types of questions presented to citizens, companies, and policy makers, states: â€Å"How should aircraft producers, airlines and the government regulatory agency deal with wiring insulation problems that have surfaced? What will be the consequences of changing our pollution-control strategy? Suppose that instead of attacking outflow of pollutants at the pipe end, we target input at the front end? (Weil, V. 2002: 59). All of these types of questions fall at the feet of the engineering profession. The impact engineers have on safety could not be more dramatically demonstrated than the space shuttle Challenger disaster. It is common knowledge that the engineering staff was against the launch because it feared the effect of cold weather on the O-rings. Every engineer involved knew that if the O-rings failed, there would be an explosion and the mission would be lost. When the engineering staff notified command authorities that they were recommending postponement of the loss, the managers pressured the engineers to change their minds. In the end, the engineers capitulated and the launch went forward as planned—with disastrous results. Why didn’t the command staff listen to the concerns of the engineers? Why did the engineers change their position? If the engineers had such great concerns, why didn’t someone blow the whistle? All of these questions carry ethical implications that cross professional and occupational lines—including the duty of all engineers to preserve the integrity of the profession, the firm or industry for whom they work, and the safety and wellbeing of the individuals who will use their designs. In this case, the very lives of the astronauts were at stake. When that

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing strategy - Essay Example It is anticipated that for such status symbol goods the quantity demanded always increases with increase in their price levels. Thus, those nations who are rich in income can serve better markets for this classy merchandise. The report analyzes the market and business operations of Mercedes and recommends further ways in which it can improve in future. Table of Contents Marketing Strategy 1 Abstract 2 International business helps to coherent capital flows, technical skills and even service opportunities across the globe. Worldwide business is decisive in the globe of money-making contacts. This is the age of globalization and liberalization when almost all the companies of the world are going universal. Luxury car is a status symbol product in character. The probable consumers of these cars behave in almost a perfectly inelastic pattern with reverence to changes in prices. Thus, these goods do not pursue the general theories of demand and supply laws in economics (Sultan, 2011). It i s anticipated that for such status symbol goods the quantity demanded always increases with increase in their price levels. Thus, those nations who are rich in income can serve better markets for this classy merchandise. The report analyzes the market and business operations of Mercedes and recommends further ways in which it can improve in future. ... This is the era of liberalization and globalization when almost all the companies and firms of the world are going universal (LOC, 2007). Industrialized firms, companies involving music, arts and even the service firms like insurance companies and banks are all expanding their branches across the world outside their domestic terrain. International commerce helps to coherent technological skills, capital flows and even employment opportunities across the globe. The consumer’s are now familiar to variable choices of different goods and services. The market for goods and services has enlarged in every country with open trading, giving its consumers a wide variety of products. International trade also facilitates mobility of the workers in the labour market (Rutgers, 2001). The activity moves to a global level when there is reallocation of productive resources and facilitates preferential choices in business. To suffice the objectives of firms, organizations and people, business h ouses are getting involved into cross border dealings. Worldwide businesses have diverse branches like administration contracts, foreign trade, and franchising, licensing along with involvement in foreign institutional speculations. In the past 30 years the quantum of global trade has expanded in Billions. Global links have helped largely by improving the livelihood standards and augmenting technology for business. The business and trade guidelines are now integrated together between countries. It is estimated in 2013 that the business of high end cars contribute the greatest share of income generated in the luxury industry (PRLOG, 2013). The segment of high end cars has gone through

How the book canterbury tales reflects its time Essay

How the book canterbury tales reflects its time - Essay Example All these experiences trained him to be a poet of men as he appeared eventually in the Canterbury Tales. In the Canterbury Tales he fixed up the spirit of his age for future generations to observe and appreciate. In the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer is almost silent about the very stirring historic and political events of his age (Phillips 27). Chaucer does of course casually refer to some of these events, but there is no full length treatment of any of them. The Peasant’s Revolt is referred to in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale. The Battles of Crecy and Poietiers are glanced at elsewhere. The allusion to the Black Death comes in Chaucer’s character sketch of the Doctor of Physic in the Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. There is then a latent reference to Lollardism in the delineation of the Poor Parson who like a Lollard believed in simple living and high thinking. Chaucer’s subtlety with the treatment of historical events could be attributed to his concern as a poet, with the dateless and universal aspects of human nature. The Canterbury Tales gives us a fairly authentic and equally extensive picture of the socio-political conditions prevailing in England in the age of Chaucer (Schoeck & Taylor 31).

Environmental Problems, Climate Change and Global Warming Essay

Environmental Problems, Climate Change and Global Warming - Essay Example This essay discusses that there is a need for formulation of environmental ethics that can help us to understand and address the issues holistically. This may include first addressing the issues of systematic and institutional forms of developmentalism since they are the major contributing factors. This will create a sense of integrative approach to these issues thereby creating a good startup point for addressing the environmental problems. It is of crucial significance to give credit to the paradigm shift from Oil to Soil. This is quite beneficial since it leads to a sense of environmental consideration. It is crucial to understand that without the environment, there can be no resources like the oil. Again, with an unconducive environment, the benefits we derive from the environment will not help us that much. Therefore, it is important that when we derive benefits from the environment, including the oils, we should be conscious and considerate about the fate of the soil or the env ironment generally. It is true that many people in the industrialized countries always perceive issues touching on environmental considerations alongside developments as impractical or idealistic. This follows that they always lack a sense of environmental considerations following the majority of their operations. However, in order to deal with this, there should be policies in place that regulate industrial activities with regards to the emissions. In addition, there should be set environmental standards that should be met by those industrialized nations.

Press release assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Press release assignment - Essay Example That is a key element in a successful press release. Another key element is to talk up why both companies are good for one another, how do the two companies complement each other? You need to indicate the similarities they have but also how is each the missing piece of the puzzle for the other. The final element is to tell shareholders how this will effect their bottomline. The reason people invest money in companies is because they want a return on their profit. Shareholders want to know how much money will they make from this? If all of this can be done, the deal will probably be approved. It is important to remember that how the deal is reflected in the press can have a direct influence on the price of the companies shares. Most investors get much of their information from reading business journals and newspapers. They care what reporters and analysts think. The key message from such press releases is to be very positive. Examples: Dow Jones- New Corp. http://www.scribd.com/doc/219699/Official-Dow-JonesNews-Corp-Merger-Press-Release HP – Compaq http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2001/010904a.html Avaya – Silver Lake http://www.avaya.com/gcm/master-usa/en-us/corporate/pressroom/pressreleases/2007/pr-070604a.htm Intel – McAfee http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2010/08/19/intel-to-acquire-mcafee Question 2 Write the press release. 350 words. Press Release For immediate Release: 12th January 2011 BHP Billiton to acquire Anadarko Petroleum for $10 billion. BHP Billiton and Anadarko Petroleum today announced that they have entered into a clear and unambigious agreement under which BHP Billiton will purchase Anadarko Petroleum shares at a price of $55.90 per share of Anadarko Petroleum common stock in cash. The transaction has been approved by both BHP and Anadarko Petroleum boards of directors. It will be a boon to investors. The combination of BHP’s global scale and financial strength with Anadarko Petroleum excellent management and oil fields will certainly enh ance BHP’s ability to participate more aggressively in the oil and gas markets. Anadarko Petroleum's natural gas fields are particularly appealing as this is a fast growing sector of the energy market. This is truly a great deal. Anadarko Petroleum is one of the finest companies out there. â€Å"Anadarko Petroleum's innovative gas-capturing technology is ideal to expand BHP’s profit in this sector,† said Joe Davids, CEO of BHP Billiton. â€Å"This is going to be an excellent deal for everyone involved. Throughout the negotiations we have had the best interests of shareholders in mind.† The merger will happen soon, he said, and much of Anadarko's staff will join BHP. The new head office will be BHP's current office. The new company will be called BHP Billiton. Most of Anadarko's management will be kept on. The new company will work quickly to develop new plans and seize on new opportunities. â€Å"BHP is a world leader in so many sectors,† said J.D. McDade, CEO of Anadarko Petroleum. â€Å"It is a true pleasure to join them on this remarkable adventure. We are happy to join the BHP family. The best is yet to come.† Under the terms of the acquisition, Anadarko Petroleum stockholders will receive $55.90 in cash for each share of Anadarko Petroleum common stock that they hold at the closing of the deal. The acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including and not limited to the receipt of domestic and foreign regulatory approvals and the approval of Anadarko Petroleum's stockholders. There are a number of pro forma regulatory conditions which must be met. Due diligence must be completed. The transaction is expected to close during BHP’

Open Fields and Plain View Doctrines Essay Example for Free

Open Fields and Plain View Doctrines Essay Officers Trent Nelson and Lance Mahoney were patrolling in Mill Ave. While patrolling they witnessed a man running while being chased by a woman. It was found out that the man forcibly took the bag of the woman. The two officers chased the man but they lost trace of him. However, the man dropped the purse. While in the act of chasing, Officer Nelson heard a fight and he located it. From a brick- walled backyard, he saw two teenagers fighting. He entered through the open gate and pacified the two. He also noticed baggies in the patio table few yards away. He called the parents of the boys and they went in the patio table. He noticed it to be drugs and eventually arrested the woman who was explaining about the baggies. On the other hand, Officer Mahoney pursued on the dropped purse. As he retrieved the stolen purse, he noticed marijuana cigarettes, among others, spilled from the purse. He then arrested the woman and took the contents of the purse as evidence against the woman. In the general practice, police officers are mandated to obtain a valid search warrant before they can search for items or goods in a place of the suspect. Absence of a search warrant would make the evidences obtained inadmissible when presented in court. The consequence would be wastage in effort and losing the case. Thus, a search warrant is very essential. However, there are two cases wherein a search warrant is not needed. These are the doctrines of plain view and open fields. In the present case, the evidences, marijuana and drugs were legally obtained from the crime scene. The doctrine of plain view is applicable when Officer Mahoney took the marijuana. Meanwhile, a plain view doctrine is an â€Å"exception to the warrant requirement which allows a police officer seize items which they observe and immediately recognize as evidence or contraband while they are lawfully present in an area protected by the 14th amendment† (PoliceLink. com, 2008). There are three elements before police officer can claim it as an exemption under the plain view doctrine. First, it is required that the officer must lawfully present in the place protected by the 14th Amendment (PoliceLink. com, 2008). Second, the items must be out in plain view (PoliceLink. com, 2008). Third, the officer must immediately recognize the item as evidence or contraband without making a further intrusion (PoliceLink. com, 2008). In the present case, Officer Mahoney was lawfully in a place where the marijuana was seized. This is so because they were in legal discharge of their authority as police officers in chasing criminals. The second element is also present as the marijuana was spilled from the purse and is in the plain view of the officer. The woman cannot further state that the marijuana was seized from the purse as the item was found outside the purse together with her lipstick, compact, lighter, etc. Likewise, the last element is present because Officer Mahoney immediately recognized the item as marijuana in which possession of such is punishable by law. Thus, the marijuana can be used as evidence against the owner of the purse even it was taken without a search warrant. In the case where Officer Nelson seized the drugs, the doctrine of open fields applies. Doctrine of Open Fields is another exemption from the general requirement of search warrant, probable cause, or even legal justification (Ferdico, 2004, p. 477). In this doctrine, the police officer was in the place because of a lawful discharge of his duty as peace officer. While in the place, Officer Nelson saw baggies which he immediately doubted to be an illegal drug. This would fall under the doctrine of open fields even if the woman would contend that the police officer trespassed. In the doctrine of open fields, the trespassing cannot render the evidence inadmissible as the Supreme Court concluded in Oliver v. United States (466 U. S. 170). In the said case, the Supreme Court convicted the man who was manufacturing an illegal substance based on the discovered plantation of marijuana located miles away from his home (466 U. S. 170). The court held that even the property was private, the man does not have legitimate expectation of privacy and trespassing is not even enough to invalidate the evidences (466 U. S. 170). Thus, the woman can be held liable for illegal possession of drugs based on the seized evidences under the â€Å"open fields doctrine†. In the two instances, the more applicable is the open view doctrine. This is because the three elements are present in both instances. In the case of the seizure of marijuana, the place being public does not affect the doctrine while in seizure of illegal drugs; the police officer was already in a place for legal reason, which is to pacify the fighting boys. The second element is also satisfied because the items were in plain view. The marijuana was outside the purse which had been spilled out when the purse was dropped. The illegal drug was also in plain view because the officer noticed it when he was a few steps away from the table when the baggies were placed. With regard to third element, both police officers immediately recognized the items as marijuana and illegal drug even without further intrusion of the place. Thus, the applicable doctrine is the plain view.

Two Treatises of Government Essay Example for Free

Two Treatises of Government Essay In chapter V of The Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he begins by explaining that God has given earth to all man in â€Å"common†. Meaning everyone equally owns all of the earth and its fruits. How can we humans, fairly distribute this land? What gives one man the right to a deer over every other person on earth? Labor, Locke states â€Å"The labor that was mine removing them out of that common state they were in, hath fixed my property in them†(13). This meaning that once you put work and physical labor into some sort of land or animal, it is then yours to own out of the common land. For example, a man sees a deer on the side of the road and uses his weapon to kill it. He has used his recourses and skill to take that deer out of the common and made it his property. The same can be said for land. You work on the land and use it to grow crops. Therefore, the crops are yours. Locke follows up this view he has by saying you can only take so much, because then you will be taking for spoils. â€Å"Nothing was made by god for man to spoil and destroy. † (Locke 14) I believe this is the part we as habitants of this earth have disregarded. In today’s world, we constantly spoil land and recourses. For a little money, we are willing to ruin habitats to the point of extinction or complete eradication. I feel as if Locke wrote this as a warning, stating, yes you may own all land that you labor on but do not spoil it. What makes us as humans ignore this? Greed is a very powerful thing and if we allow man to own all land in which he works in, what is to stop him from abusing it to receive riches? There wouldn’t be a need to spoil the land for riches, if gold didn’t have such a high value in society. Locke is very much aware that the balance can be broke fairly easy. At the end of section 50 he states â€Å"But since gold and silver, being little useful to the life of man in proportion to food, raiment, and carriage, has its value only from the consent of men, whereof labor yet makes, in great part, the measure, it is plain, that men have agreed to a disproportionate and unequal possession of the earth, they having, by a tacit and voluntary consent, found out, a way how a man may fairly possess more land than he himself can use the product of, by receiving in exchange for the over plus gold and silver, which may be hoarded up without injury to any one; these metals not spoiling or decaying in the hands of the possessor† (23). After stating what he believes is the best way to distribute land, this is his way of warning us how easily this balance can be broken. He means to show everything he explained doesn’t matter because we have allowed value to be given to something, which cannot feed man and does not spoil in the hands of man. Therefore, unbalancing nature and allowing certain men in power to posses a disproportionate amount of this earth only because they own more gold and silver. By us as a society agreeing blindly to give gold such high value, we have changed the ways of life from wanting to obtain cattle, land, and natural goods. To in turn only chasing gold and silver (money). This only hurts the earth that has been given to all men in common by God. It allows men with wealth and power to spoil lands and destroy habitats only because they choose to obtain absurd amounts of gold to let decay and spoil in their hands. Take for example all the animals, which go extinct by allowing certain men with enough money to go out with multimillion-dollar machines and completely wipe out forests. Which is as Locke states given to all men in common. So what is Locke’s purpose in making us realize this? Its feels like a warning, letting you see the way earth should really be distributed and then by explaining how gold has ruined that. It plants a thought in your head that makes one wonder if we truly are equal and if the earth truly does belong to us all in common. It seems like land it’s only owned by those who have been successful in obtaining gold in one form or another. Even if it means spoiling the land that belongs to all humans in common, not to just them. I believe Locke was way ahead of his time. He is predicting how the world is in a society where gold and silver are the important possession. The combination of the way Locke believes land should be distributed, and the value we have agreed to give gold in society. Locke states â€Å"Right and convenience went together; for as a man had a right to all he could employ his labor upon, so he had no temptation to labor for more than he could make use of†(23). Here at the end of Chapter V is where Locke believes if we as men only take what we need to survive it would be highly convenient and the distribution of land would work out perfectly. We all know in the world we live in today that will never happen. Man will take as much as he desires till the land is too spoiled to take anymore. These two separate views on property that we as a society have agreed to live under only hurt us further. The combination of them is what causes a heavily unequal society. That is why we see some men own enormous amounts of land and property, while others don’t even have a box to sleep in. Bibliography Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2002. Print.

Hip Fracture Treatment in Older Patients

Hip Fracture Treatment in Older Patients 1.1 Background Hip (neck of femur) fractures are a common, serious and well-defined injury affecting mainly older people. As global populations age, projections for hip fracture numbers over the coming decades will rise. Delays to surgery are associated with increased post-operative complications, prolonged recovery and length of stay (LOS), and with increased morbidity and mortality (Trpeski, Kaftandziev, and Kjaev, 2013). In addition, the cost burden of hip fractures is substantial. The process of caring for people with hip fractures is complex, long, and involves several diagnostic, therapeutic and administrative activities. These activities occur in AE and orthopaedic departments, operating theatres, and in the community. They involve a range of health professionals and support staff. When this coordination fails, patients may suffer from avoidable delays and suffering. In the United Kingdom (UK), the bed occupancy rate for hip fractures was more than 1.5 million days, which represent 20% of th e total orthopaedic beds (Compston et al., 2009). The lifetime risk of sustaining a hip fracture in the UK from age 50 is around 11% for women and 3% for men (Van Staa et al., 2001). Many of those who recover suffer a loss in mobility and independence: approximately half of those previously independent become partly dependent, while one-third become totally dependent (Myers et al., 1996). 1.2 Current Process Watford General Hospital (WAT) treat 450 patients for hip fractures every year. Hip fractures are one of the most common complex trauma problems orthopaedic surgeons face. Patients are often seriously ill, elderly and frail, which can result in poor outcomes. Hip fractures generally result from a fall, patients present at AE where imaging tests are used to make a diagnosis and pain medication is administered (Appendix A). When possible, patients are moved from the emergency department to a ward. Ideally, patients will have surgery within 72 hours of arrival at hospital, provided they are in a stable condition. A pre-operative assessment is carried out to establish the patients overall health to make sure they are ready for surgery. They also have an anaesthetic assessment. Two main types of anaesthesia are used: general anaesthetic and spinal or epidural anaesthesia. A team of healthcare professionals will perform the surgery, including an orthopaedic surgeon. The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) produce an annual report that includes an analysis of 30-day mortality rates for hip fracture patients who are over 60 years old within the UK. WAT were alerted by the NHFD that they were an outlier, with 12% mortality over 3 years. In the UK the overall mortality rate within 30 days of hip fracture in 2014 was 7.5%   (Johansen, 2016). High mortality rates are a signal to hospitals that they should investigate to identify and resolve quality issues. Figure 1Funnel Plot of Crude and Adjusted Mortality Rates 2014 (Source: Johansen, 2016) Effective strategies are needed to reduce the burden on healthcare providers and to improve patient quality of life and outcomes after a hip fracture. Staff at WAT want to develop an action plan to analyse performance and instigate improvement programmes. This included questioning what elements of care could have been delivered better to ensure that high-quality care is delivered throughout the patients treatment, to improve 30-day mortality rates and functional outcomes for patients. 1.3 Perceived Issues with the Current Process In the present study, the incidence and mortality and functional outcomes in hip fracture patients was studied. The relationships between admission and treatment times, pain management drugs and anaesthesia, and their effect on the patients length of stay (LOS) in hospital were assessed and the following issues were found: Admission time from AE to treatment is high High level of opiate usage to manage pain Routine use of general anaesthesia 1.4 Value Adding Activities Admission to surgery times Pain management Days spent in hospital 1.5 Scope Older people with hip fractures aged 60 or over are in scope for this project.       1.6 Problem Statement 30-day mortality rates for older hip fracture patients at Watford General Hospital have been 12% for 3 consecutive years, 4.5% higher than the national average (NHFD). 1.7 Goal Statement Reduce 30-day mortality rates in older hip fracture patients to 8.5% by the end of June 2017. 2.1 Process Map Figure 2 Process Map 2.2 Process Narrative      Ã‚   The person arrives at the AE department by ambulance or car. The triage nurse assesses the patients condition. Patients are classified by severity of injury (red, yellow, or green). Patients presenting with suspected hip fractures are commonly assigned a yellow classification, which indicates an emergency but not of a life-threatening nature. An AE doctor or nurse checks the patients vital signs, records their pre-fall health condition, and administers pain medication (generally opiates). Subsequently, in consultation with an AE doctor (if available), several basic tests (blood tests) and X-rays (hip and often chest) are ordered and performed. The patient is transferred to the radiology department for x-ray. The AE doctor or nurse then reviews the test results. If a hip fracture is diagnosed, the patient is deemed admissible and an intravenous (IV) drip is started. The patient is transferred to the orthopaedic ward for admission when a bed becomes available. Admission times are curre ntly 13.4 hours. On admittance to the orthopaedic ward an orthopaedic surgeon will review the test results. If the patient is deemed suitable for treatment the medical assessment team will assess if the patient has any existing medical issues that may affect treatment. If pre-existing medical conditions with the potential to affect treatment are found patients are referred to palliative care and discharged. If no pre-existing conditions are found patients are assessed by the anaesthesia team. Patients deemed suitable for surgery are placed on the trauma list, surgery generally takes place within 72 hours. Patients deemed unsuitable are referred to palliative care and discharged. Patients go to theatre, they are anesthetised using general anaesthetic and receive surgery. They are subsequently transferred back to the orthopaedic ward for ward-based management. Patients are discharged once they are mobile. 2.3 Identification of Problems, Weaknesses, and Change Areas High level of opiate use by AE staff for pain management Admission times of 13.4 hours Surgery wait times of up to 58.6 hours Routine use of general anaesthetic in surgery 3.1 Key Strategic Elements for Improvement Patients with hip fractures often require complex and challenging care, this is provided by a number of professionals in several departments, crossing a number of service boundaries. These patients are often frail, and their outcomes depend on how effectively their care pathway is managed. Pain management medications, avoidable delays, anaesthesia choices and post-operative care affect functional outcomes and mortality. The key strategic elements towards improving outcomes for older hip fracture patients are: Reducing morbidity and mortality rates Achieving better functional outcomes for patients Increasing discharge rates to original place of residence Increased value from the healthcare budget They can be achieved by: Altering pain management practices Altering anaesthetic management Reducing admission and treatment times 3.1.1 Pain Management Despite recent advances in the care of hip fracture patients, significant morbidity and mortality persists. Some of this is attributable to the pain medication administered in hospital. Opiates are the preferred pain management drug at WAT currently (Appendix A). Opiate use can cause nausea, constipation, and confusion (delirium) in the older patients (Coruhlu and Pehlivan, 2016). Effective pain management is a primary goal in hip fracture treatment. Research suggests fascia iliaca compartment blocks (FIB) is an alternative for pain management in hip fractures. Intravenous opioid therapy is used frequently (Appendix A). However, opioid side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and delirium, are common. Regional analgesic techniques have been shown to provide similar analgesia to opioids. FIB is reported to effectively block cutaneous lateral femoral and femoral nerves in adults (Nie et al., 2015). Studies have suggested superior analgesic effect with pre-operative FIB. They provided superior analgesia to intramuscular morphine in a randomised controlled trial of hip fracture patients (Callear et al., 2016). FIB is a safe and simple technique that can be administered by junior doctors and specialist nurses with training (Hanna et al., 2014). FIB administered in AE provided significant decreases in pain when compared to opiates. Post block analgesic requirements for patients in the FIB group were minimal. A study conducted by Callear and Shah (2016) concluded that a single dose of FIB given in the pre-operative period significantly reduced the post-operative and total analgesic requirements in the hip fracture patient. Patients also experience lower rates of delirium and were discharged faster. This reduces the cost of providing inpatient hospital beds and improves quality of life for older patients. 3.1.2 Anaesthetic Management Anaesthetists have an essential role in the preoperative, operative and postoperative management of hip fracture patients. Complications arising from anaesthesia in hip fracture surgery is influenced not only by the type of anaesthetic used, but also by patient comorbidities and the delays between admission and surgery. Approximately 25% of hip fracture patients display at least one episode of cognitive dysfunction during hospitalisation (Heyburn et al., 2012). A systematic review published by SIGN (2009), suggests that the use of spinal anaesthesia may reduce the incidence of postoperative confusion. 3.1.3 Time to Surgery At present admission times are 13.4 hours (NHFD statistics show the national average is 9.3 hours) and surgery wait times are 58.6 hours. Current guidelines recommend surgery to be carried out within 24 hours of injury (BOA, 2014). Observational studies suggest better functional outcomes, shorter hospital stays, duration of pain, and lower rates of complications and mortality are achieved by performing surgery earlier. Pre-operative delays increase mortality and, in those who survive, prolongs post-operative stay. For every additional 8 h delay to surgery after the initial 48 h, an extra day in hospital results (Colais et al., 2015). Currently WAT fall far short of the ideal to provide optimal care for hip fracture patients. 3.1.4 Multidisciplinary Approach The management of hip fractures requires complex, connected care from presentation at AE, through all departments. A study of 116 patients found that dedicated nurse specialists are effective at fast-tracking hip fracture patients to surgery by securing hospital beds, organising care, operating theatre lists and acting as a liaison with all other relevant departments (Larsson and Holgers, 2011). Many published guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of hip fractures, in addition to, a good care environment to promote best outcomes. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN, 2009), the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2013), and the British Orthopaedic Association in cooperation with the British Geriatric Society (BOA, 2014), have all produced guidelines supporting a multidisciplinary team approach to deal with hip fractures in older people. Figure 3 Multidisciplinary Team (Source: Orthopaedics and Trauma) Rieman and Hutichson, (2016) It is recognised that a team approach with excellent communication between all the members is essential. The multidisciplinary team looking after hip fracture patients is large (Figure 2), and each role is important in the jigsaw of care. 3.1.5 Clinical Pathway Clinical pathways should be used to aid the multidisciplinary team. They provide a description of the expected interventions and outcomes throughout the patient journey following a hip fracture. The use of clinical pathways ensures everyone knows the next step in the process and this minimises unnecessary variations in practice (Chudyk et al., 2009). A study of 1193 older hip fracture patients conducted at 6 hospitals in the Limburg trauma region of the Netherlands concluded that the use of a multidisciplinary clinical pathways (MCP) for patients with hip fractures tends to be more effective than usual care (UC). Time to surgery was significantly shorter in the MCP group when compared to the UC group. The mean length of stay was 10 versus 12 days. In addition, the MCP group had significantly lower rates of postoperative complications (Kalmet et al., 2016). 3.2 Proposed Strategy Establish a designated Hip Fracture Unit within the main orthopaedic unit. Appoint a multi-disciplinary team to be based on the ward comprised of: Physio /Occupational Therapist Orthopaedic /Orthogeriatric Doctor Specialist Hip Fracture Nurse Nursing staff Establish a Hip Fracture Pathway. Establish a protocol-driven, fast-track admission of patients with hip fractures through AE AE bleep specialist hip fracture nurse FIB administered by nurse for pain management and patient centred care Patients are admitted to the hip fracture ward within 6 hours Appropriate, medically fit patients receive surgery within 24 hours Use of spinal anaesthesia when appropriate Continuous tracking/live data systems that regularly update patient and logistical data may improve management by identifying patients location, delays in treatment and relevant clinical information. 3.3 Potential Process Improvement Tools 3.3.1 Continuous Quality Improvement Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is a quality management tool that encourages all members of the health care team to continuously ask, How are we doing? and Can we do it better? (Edwards et al., 2008). It focuses on improvement for the patient and the practice by asking questions like, can we do things more efficiently? Can we be more effective? Can we do it faster? CQI uses a structured planning approach to evaluate the current processes and improve those processes to achieve the desired outcomes. Tools commonly used in CQI help team members identify the desired clinical or administrative outcome and the evaluation strategies that enable the team to determine if they are achieving that outcome. The team can adjust the CQI plan based on continuous monitoring of progress through an adaptive, real-time feedback loop (NLC, 2013). A CQI approach can help improve patient care. There is a strong link between organisations with explicit CQI strategies and high performance (Levin, 2016). Figure 4 CQI Framework Model (Adapted from NLC) Structure examines the characteristics of resources, staff and consultants, physical space, and financial resources. Process -   the activities, workflows, or tasks carried out to achieve an output/outcome. Output the immediate predecessor to a change in the patients status. Not all outputs are clinical e.g. business or efficiency goals. Outcome the end result of care. Can be change in the patients current and future health status. Feedback Loop represents its cyclical, iterative nature. 3.3.2 Lean Management Lean is a process improvement method developed by Toyota in the 1950s. Lean management principles have been used in manufacturing for many years, however, these principles can be used in healthcare too. According to Womack and Jones, there are five key lean principles: value, value stream, flow, pull, and perfection. Lean drives out waste so that all work adds value from a customer perspective. Lean thinking focuses on how efficiently resources are being used, it looks at each step in the process and asks what value is being produced? Value from a patients perspective can be defined as timeliness of treatment, reduced stress, or better functional outcomes. The NHS defines value as anything that helps treat the patient. Everything else is waste (Jones and Mitchell,2006). Figure 5 Lean Principles Identify customer value in healthcare value is any activity that improves the patients health. Manage the value stream the value stream is the patients journey. Identify process that deliver value to patients. Create Flow align processes to facilitate the smooth flow of patients and information Establish Pull provide care on demand and utilising resources effectively. Seek Perfection optimise the process through continued development and adjustment to meet patients needs. Optimal delivery of high-quality care to reduce mortality in hip fracture patients is an achievable goal. There are numerous opportunities to enhance the quality of care: reduced length of stay, reduced institutionalisation, reduced mortality and better functional outcomes for patients. Better quality care minimises treatment delay, promotes recovery and facilitates a speedier discharge. Cost and quality are not in conflict providing high quality hip fracture treatment is a lot cheaper than poor quality treatment. Lean inspired and clinical pathway related process improvement efforts make inconsistent and inefficient practices in health care more visible. The implementation and adherence to evidence based standards will considerably improve the care and management of older patients with hip fractures, this will result in significantly improved outcomes for patients and the healthcare system. 5.1 Appendix A References       BOA (2014) BOA standards for trauma (bOASTs). Available at: http://www.boa.ac.uk/publications/boa-standards-trauma-boasts/ (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Callear, J., Shah, K., Hospital, J.R. and Oxford (2016) Analgesia in hip fractures. Do fascia-iliac blocks make any difference?, BMJ Quality Improvement Reports, 5(1), pp. 210130-4147. doi: 10.1136/bmjquality.u210130.w4147. Chudyk, A., Jutai, J., Petrella, R. and Speechley, M. (2009) Systematic review of hip fracture rehabilitation practices in the elderly, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation., 90(2), pp. 246-62. Colais, P., Di Martino, M., Fusco, D., Perucci, C.A. and Davoli, M. (2015) The effect of early surgery after hip fracture on 1-year mortality, BMC Geriatrics, 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0140-y. Compston, J. (2009) Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men from the age of 50 years in the UK, Maturitas., 62(2), pp. 105-8. Coruhlu, O. and Pehlivan, S. (2016) Worst pills. Available at: http://www.worstpills.org/includes/page.cfm?op_id=459 (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Edwards, P., Huang, D., Metcalfe, L. and Sainfort, F. (2008) Maximizing your investment in EHR. Utilizing EHRs to inform continuous quality improvement., JHIM, 22(1), pp. 7-12. Hanna, L., Gulati, A., Graham, A. and Corporation, H.P. (2014) The role of Fascia Iliaca blocks in hip fractures: A prospective case-control study and feasibility assessment of a junior-doctor-delivered service, International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/191306. Heyburn, J., Holloway, G., Leaper, E., Parker, M., Ridegway, S., White, S., Wiese, M. and Wilson, i (2012) Management of proximal femoral fractures 2011, Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 67(1), pp. 85-98. Jones, D. and Mitchell, A. (2006) Lean thinking for the NHS. Available at: http://www.nhsconfed.org/~/media/Confederation/Files/Publications/Documents/Lean%20thinking%20for%20the%20NHS.pdf (Accessed: 11 December 2016). Kalmet, P.S.H., Koc, B.B., Hemmes, B. and ten Broeke, R.H.M. (2016) Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Clinical Pathway for Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture: A Multicenter Comparative Cohort Study, Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery Rehabilitation, 7(2), pp. 81-85. Levin, D. (2016) Using continuous quality improvement to improve patient experience. Available at: http://bivarus.com/using-continuous-quality-improvement-improve-patient-experience/ (Accessed: 7 December 2016). Myers, A.H., Palmer, M.H., Engel, B.T., Warrenfeltz, D.J. and Parker, J.A. (1996) Mobility in older patients with hip fractures: Examining Pre: Journal of Orthopaedic trauma, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 10(2), pp. 99-107. NICE (2013) Falls in older people: Assessing risk and prevention. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg161 (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Nie, H., Yang, Y.-X., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhao, B. and Luan, B. (2015) Effects of continuous fascia iliaca compartment blocks for postoperative analgesia in patients with hip fracture, 20(4). NLC (2013) Continuous quality improvement (CQI) strategies to optimize your practice Primer provided by. Available at: https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/nlc_continuousqualityimprovementprimer.pdf (Accessed: 7 December 2016). Rieman, A.H.K. and Hutichson, J.D. (2016) The multidisciplinary management of hip fractures in older patients. Available at: http://www.orthopaedicsandtraumajournal.co.uk/article/S1877-1327(16)30025-2/fulltext (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network part of NHS quality improvement Scotland SIGN management of hip fracture in older people (2009) Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign111.pdf (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Simunovic, N., Devereaux, P. and Bhandari, M. (2011) Surgery for hip fractures: Does surgical delay affect outcomes?, 45(1). Trpeski, S., Kaftandziev, I. and Kjaev, A. (2013a) Fast-track care for patients with suspected hip fracture. Available at: http://www.injuryjournal.com/article/S0020-1383(11)00002-7/fulltext (Accessed: 10 December 2016). Trpeski, S., Kaftandziev, I. and Kjaev, A. (2013b) The effects of time-to-surgery on mortality in elderly patients following hip fractures, Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki)., 34(2), pp. 115-21. Van Staa, T.P., Dennison, E.M., Leufkens, H. and Cooper, C. (2001) Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Available at: http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(01)00614-7/fulltext (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Verhelst, J., Dawson, I., Paul T. P. W. Burgers, Esther M. M. Van Lieshout and Piet A. R. de Rijcke (2013) Implementing a clinical pathway for hip fractures; effects on hospital length of stay and complication rates in five hundred and twenty six patients, 38(5).

Divorce: A Global Problem Essay -- Informative Essay

In any married couple's relationships there are going to be times when their relationship is put to the test. Some couples make it through their relationships without any and live the rest of their lives happily married, but most can not fix their problems and are forced to get a divorce. Couples marry with the intent of staying together for the rest of their lives, but unfortunately that is not the case for many marriages. In fact, more than 50% of married couples end up getting a divorce. Divorce is the dissolution of marriage by a court. Since the married couple is getting a divorce they do not only have to handle the stress of the divorce, but also the financial problems it brings. Divorce affects everyone differently, and there are many different types and laws that influence divorce. Divorce is looked at differently by every state. Not all of the states have the same laws for divorce. There are two ways that states look at divorce they are called â€Å"community property† and â€Å"equitable distribution.† â€Å"Community property.† This is when all property that was bought during the marriage is owned by both people involved in the divorce, and there are many states that look at divorce like this. The states are: Arizona, California, Louisiana, Nevada, Texas, Idaho, New Mexico, Wisconsin, and Washington. The community property rule does not count inheritances or gifts the couple received during the marriage. â€Å"People facing divorce sometimes do not get what they deserve, because they are anxious to get it over with, or they hope to reconcile and do not want to alienate their spouse, or they want to get back at their spouse for real or imagined wrongs† (Fowles 5). The other way that states divide up the married couples possess ions... ... people emotionally, financially, and it can be very stressful for anyone to handle. The laws around divorce can be very confusing and if the couples do not know their way around the laws. They could end up spending a lot more on the divorce than they needed to. Annotated bibliography Beech, Hannah. â€Å"Breaking Up is Easy to do.† Time World Magazine. Time, 30 Oct. 2006.Web. 17 Oct. 2011. D'antonio, William. â€Å"Walking the Walk on Family Values.† Boston News. The Boston Globe, 31 Oct. 2004. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. Didi, Tatlow. â€Å"Chinese Law Could Make Divorce Women Homeless.† The New York Times. The New York Times, 7 Sept. 2011. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. Divorce Staff. â€Å"Divorce Law and Separation Advice.† Free Divorce Information. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. Flowers, Deborah. â€Å"Dealing With the Financial Impact of Divorce.† About.com. About.com, 2011. Web. 17 Oct. 2011.

The Set of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Essay -- Whos Afraid Virgin

The Set of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For a play as drastically depressing and oppressive as Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, the set needs to augment the mood as much as possible. Albee’s play calls for several props, and all of these have to be provided, but more than that, the set needs to look as real as possible, to show that these people are not vastly different from the rest of us. And because in that fact the true horror of the play resides the set is all-important. Luckily, the performance featured a realistic, intricate, close set.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is set in an ordinary 1950s New England suburban house. Nothing is overly expensive or glamorous. But in plays, designers typically want things to catch the eye, even though in this instance such would ruin the mood. The set designers captured this mood perfectly. Nothing is anachronistic. The set even lacks a coherent color scheme; but why would there be? In most houses, walls are painted and papered, carpet is put down, but, twenty years later, these same walls are decorated with paintings and the floors are covered with rugs and furniture that would not have even been considered in the inception. The set of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? shows this hodgepodge perfectly. Above the set, the eaves of the house, and the roof of another house are clearly seen, providing, again, a voyeuristic view of the play’s events. Such realism creates a believable mood for the play, heightening the effect that these things are actually happening (heightened still more with Albee’s back-and-forth style of dialog), leaving the viewer acting as a voyeur, but also identifying closely with the characters. The realism in the set design is even more ... ...h a crowded area (set close to the edge of the stage for an even greater close appearance), and seeing them not bump into one another is uncomfortable to watch, simply because of the slight inherent feeling of wrongness, rather than a good-natured and cozy feeling, that is supported by the caustic dialogue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The set of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is perfectly designed for the play. The realism and intricacy of the scenery and props attempt to raise the fourth wall as much as possible, heightening the reality of the performance, while the claustrophobic closeness of everything tears the wall down in tiny shreds, giving a feel of unease to the play. In any modern play, unlike Shakespeare’s plays, there is a struggle to present the play in the accurate time, and the set designers of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? have done this flawlessly and accurately.

A Trip to the Dentists Office Essay -- Personal Narratives Descriptiv

A Trip to the Dentist's Office The phone rings, and I answer, â€Å"Thank you for calling Enterprise, how may I help you?† The voice on the other end asks for Andrea, and I reply, â€Å"This is she.† The voice says she is calling to remind me of my 11:00 AM dental appointment. I sigh and tell her I will be there on time. I enter the brick building and walk over to the elevator; I push the up button and patiently wait. The elevator door promptly opens, and I get in. I push the button with a number two on it, and the doors close†¦ up I go. Once on the second floor, I exit the elevator. Even before I go into Dr.Taylor’s office, I can immediately smell the mixture of wintergreen-flavored toothpaste and bleach out in the hall. As soon as I open the outer door, a blast of cool air from the air conditioner hits me in the face and makes me shiver all over. I walk in and add my name to the list on the sign-in sheet. Mindy, the gray-hared women behind the frosted glass slide window, sees me and lets me know that the doctor will be ready soon. While I wait for the dental assistant in her crisp white uniform to call out my name, I look at the fish in the large blue tank in the corner of the room. The sleek fish dart about playing hide and seek with the plastic mermaid at the bottom of the tank, while tiny silver bubbles slip to the top of the tank's surface and break silently. I then turn and see a photo album sitting on a coffee table; I pick it up only to see pictures of decaying teeth and...

A Brief History of the Cheesecake Factory Essay

The Cheesecake Factory was founded by Oscar and Evelyn Overton. Evelyn first decided to open a business after making a cheesecake for her husband’s employer in 1949. Evelyn opened a small cheesecake shop in Detroit, Michigan, in the late 1950s, but later gave it up in order to raise her two children. She continued to supply cakes to several local restaurants through a kitchen in her basement. In 1972, Oscar and Evelyn Overton moved to the Woodland Hills area of Los Angeles where they opened a wholesale bakery in which they produced cheesecakes and other desserts for local estaurants. In 1983, the Overtons opened a second restaurant in Marina del Rey. By 1987 the Beverly Hills location had expanded into a 78-seat restaurant and was experiencing great financial success. This led to the opening of a third, larger location in Redondo Beach, which was eventually renovated into a 300-seat, 21 ,OOO square foot location. By the end of the 1980s, The Cheesecake Factory’s one-page menu had expanded and the restaurant offered additional fast-food and short-order items. On January 25, 2011, the company expanded into the Middle East in a partnership ith Kuwaiti retail franchising company M. H. Alshaya Co.. The 300-seat restaurant opened on August 16, 2012, at the Dubai Mall. This is the first location for The Cheesecake Factory outside of the United States. As of March 4, 2013, the Cheesecake Factory Inc. has four restaurants operating in the Middle East, one being located at the Dubai Mall and another at the Mall of the Emirates (both in the UAE), the third in The Avenues Mall, Kuwait, and the fourth in Beirut. [6] Plaza Las Americas in San Juan, Puerto Rico opened its first Cheesecake Factory in the Caribbean on August 28, 2013 Company Mission Statement Mission: To create an environment where absolute guest satisfaction is our highest propriety Vision: Through a shared commitment to excellence, we are dedicated to the uncompromising quality of our food, service, people and profit, while taking exceptional care of our guests and staff, we will continuously strive to surpass our own accomplishments and be recognized as a leader in our industry David Overton Chairman and Chief Executive Officer David Overton has served as our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since our incorporation in February, 1992. He co-founded the Company with his parents, Evelyn and Oscar Overton. Mr. Overton crea ed t the Company’s namesake restaurant and opened the first The Cheesecake Factory restaurant in 1978 in Beverly Hills, California. He grew The Cheesecake Factory@ into a national chain and created two other concepts, Grand Lux Cafe@ and RockSugar Pan Asian Kitchen@. Under Mr. Overton’s leadership, the Company’s revenues increased to $1. 8 billion in 2011, with The Cheesecake Factory leading the casual dining industry in average annual sales per restaurant of $10. 2 million. Mr. Overton’s professional honors include the International Foodservice Manufacturers Association â€Å"Silver Plate Award,† recognizing the most outstanding and innovative talent in foodservice operations; the â€Å"Executive of the Year Award† from Restaurants & Institutions Magazine; and the â€Å"MenuMasters Hall of Fame Award† from Nation’s Restaurant News, for his outstanding contributions to menu design and foodservice research and development, among many others. In 2012, Mr. Overton was named â€Å"Entrepreneur of the Year† in the Food Services category for the Los Angeles region by Ernst ; Young. This honor recognizes Mr. Overton for his demonstrated excellence and extraordinary success in innovation, performance and personal commitment to The Cheesecake Factory and the communities our restaurants serve. David M. Gordon PresidentDavid Gordon was appointed President in February 2013. Mr. Gordon Joined our Company in 1993 as a Manager and during his 20 years with The Cheesecake Factory, he held the positions of Chief Operating Officer, Regional Vice President, Area Director of Operations and General Manager. He currently serves on the Board of Directors for the California Restaurant Association. W. Douglas Benn Executive Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerW. Douglas Benn was appointed Chief Financial Officer in January 2009. Mr. Benn is a veteran of the restaurant industry having spent more than 20 years in management roles with restaurant companies. He most recently served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of RARE Hospitality International, which owned LongHorn Steakhouse and The Capital Grille prior to the company’s sale to Darden Restaurants in October 2007. During his ten years with RARE, Mr. Benn helped grow the company to over 300 units and over $1 billion in nnual revenues. Debby R. Zurzolo Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel Debby Zurzolo was appointed Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel in December 2003. Ms. Zurzolo Joined our Company as Senior Vice President and General Counsel in April 1999. From 1982 until Joining the Company, she practiced law at Greenberg Glusker Fields Claman & Machtinger LLP in Los Angeles, California. As a partner with that firm, Ms. Zurzolo represented our Company on various real estate matters and negotiated several of our restaurant leases. S Bytuglin President, The Cheesecake Factory Bakery Incorporated Max Byfuglin was appointed President of our bakery subsidiary in January 2006. He previously served as Executive Vice President of The Cheesecake Factory Bakery Incorporated. Mr. Byfuglin Joined our bakery operations in 1982 and worked closely with our founders, serving in nearly every capacity in our bakery over the past 20 years. Joshua Spears: General manager at dolphin mall location, been with the company for 20 years, started as a server/bartender, in Las Vegas Nevada, has a wife and 4 kids, currently doesn’t have any plans to move anywhere but always up to the change Adam Kaytes: Assistant General Manager, been with the company with 20 years, previously worked at 8 different locations, started as a server/bartender, single so always up to any change, currently my interenship supervisor. Gilberto Rodriguez: Server, its going to be 1 year that I been with the company on November 10, currently a server, I will finish school on December so my plans are to find a manager Job after that, previously worked at olive garden and BJ’s as a assistant manager, certified trainer, bartender and server. Location of the property: Address: 11401 NW 12th st, Miami, FL 33172 Description: The Cheesecake Factory serves much more than Just cheesecake! The Cheesecake Factory is a unique, upscale casual dining restaurant offering more than 200 menu selections including appetizers, pizza, pasta, seafood, steaks, salads, sandwiches and more. The menu also features specialty dishes like Chicken Madeira, Miso Salmon, Cajun Jambalaya Pasta and The Factory Burger. Save room for dessert! Try one of The Cheesecake Factory’s 50 delicious cheesecakes and desserts such as their White Chocolate Raspberry Truffle Cheesecake or their Godiva Chocolate Cheesecake, with a cappuccino or espresso. Products: Menu items include: appetizers, cheesecake, pizza, pasta, salads, sandwiches, seafood, steaks and more Competition: The primary competition for the cheesecake factory at dolphin mall will be Texas de Brazil, mainly because its across and it’s the only other fine dinning restaurant at dolphin mall, I personally would not consider pf changs directly competition because that is a completely ditterent style ot t and its not directly across the cheesecake building, honestly there is no directly competition to cheesecake at dolphin mall, but there is a restaurant called bJs brewer house that is relatively close and they have a retty similar menu to ours, this will be the only director competitor we will have in the zone. -Texas de Brazil. -Pf Changs. -BJs Brewer house. Outside dolphin mall the Cheesecake Factorys top competitors are Brinker International, OSI Restaurant Partners, Inc. , and Dine Equity, Inc. Brinker International is a U. S. based company, with over1800 res taurants in 24 countries and has a presence in the Middle East already. Subsidiaries include: Chili’s, Romano’s Macaroni Grill, Maggiands Little Italy and On the Border Mexican Cantina and Grill. Unlike The Cheesecake Factory, Brinker International keeps its company active through cquisitions and partnerships for restaurant locations. A poorly performing Bennigan’s restaurant might become a new Chili’s restaurant. Brinker’s does not appear to be operating at a level of stability across its subsidiaries, either. The most recent Datamonitorreport on the company highlights much selling off of their brands (Datamonitor, 2010). The constant activity leads one to believe the company is less viable than its competitors in spite of staggering revenues and operating profits Company Culture: The Cheesecake Factory created the upscale casual dining segment in 1978 with the pening of our first restaurant in Beverly Hills, CA. And even with over 160 restaurant locations now in the U. S. , we’re Just as original today as we were when we first opened! In addition to The Cheesecake Factory restaurants, the company also operates two bakery production facilities that produce over 60 varieties of quality cheesecakes and other baked products. We know that outstanding people make it all happen. Each individual’s efforts and skills are necessary to the success of our company as a whole. As a staff member, we will invite you to share our company ission, â€Å"To Create an Environment Where Absolute Guest Satisfaction is our Highest Priority†. And our company values will guide your daily actions and ensure that the work environment and company culture is filled with memorable moments. Manager Style: There are a few types of manager styles, I think Adam is the perfect manager, he has a perfect balance for everything, here is a perfect description of him: The Perfect Manager This manager is popular with both staff and guests. This manager works hard to create solid relationships with staff members without becoming too close. Understands the challenges of the daily â€Å"show’ of making sure that all the parts come together properly to insure a quality guest experience. Master of the task related issues and can get them done in a quarter of the time of other managers. This management type keeps a light demeanor on the tloor while at the same time working to insure staff compliance to service standards and quality presentation of the food. Has a great knowledge of regulars and would be regulars and spends time cultivating relationships with the guests in order to insure their return visit. This anager can operate almost independently because their goals are aligned with the company objectives and directives from senior management. Perfect managers can become frustrated when the demands of the Job exceed their ability to complete the objectives in a timely manner. This can cause frustration for the manager and periods of unproductive performance. As a manager on a daily basis, it is tough to work long hours and handle innumerable problems without having it affect the quality of your work. You try to do the best you can and work to make the restaurant the best that it can be. Sometimes you sacrifice your personal well-being for the sake of the Job. Managers as a rule have a hard time separating themselves from what they do. A good management style of any kind begins with a manager that can take care of their emotional and physical needs outside the restaurant. They are emotionally healthy and happy with a positive attitude toward the Job and people they work with. Operational Controls At every Cheesecake Factory restaurant, a kitchen manager is stationed at the counter where the food comes off the line, and he rates the food on a scale of one to en. A nine is near-perfect. An eight requires one or two corrections before going out to a guest. A seven needs three. A six is unacceptable and has to be redone. The whole chain restaurant industry not Just the Cheesecake Factory uses an interesting system for minimizing food waste, which can easily become a burdensome cost: The chain-restaurant industry has produced a field of computer analytics known as â€Å"guest forecasting. † â€Å"We have forecasting models based on historical data†the trend of the past six weeks and also the trend of the previous year,† Adam told me. The predictability of the business has become astounding. The company has even learned how to make adjustments for the weather or for scheduled events like playoff games that keep people at home. The Cheesecake Factory’s ability to add menu items across its restaurants is similarly impressive. The company rolls out a new menu every six months that can feature upwards of a dozen new items. Regional and kitchen managers head to California for intense training that shows them not Just how to make the new dishes but how to train others back at the restaurants in their region. After observing the whole process, its rate of successful and scaled innovation, Gawande writes, â€Å"would be enviable in medicine, where innovations commonly spread at a glacial pace. Strengths and weaknesses: Their strengths include award winning customer service, an interactive website, fantastic desserts and an extensive menu of over 200items that evolves every six months to keep it fresh and exciting to customers. A significant opportunity in moving into an emerging market such as the United Arab Emirates is the prospect for increased revenue and profits for a restaurant of this caliber enteri ng in this new arket. One aspect that distinguished The Cheesecake Factory is how they specialized on their dessert product line and then built and drink product lines around it. By making abase, the company was able to add items and test recipes for success. Now they have a solid food line that is changed every six months to ensure the customers are satisfied. Diversity also ensures return visits because people want to try something new each time; it prevents people from getting bored with the food . When updating their menu, the Cheesecake Factory is also indful of health-conscious customers and has a very high-quality line of health- conscious foods Weaknesses The Cheesecake Factory must consider how the company’s values, ideals, vision admission, and goals will align with the new country. Cultural issues can be a major challenge when moving into a new country. The company must be 100% prepared to take on the culture, the cuisine, and any other conflicts such as dress codes or dietary customs. ome countries such as the United Arab Emirates older generations may be slow to embrace change or new cultures; they may be opposed to new restaurants or ven new menu items at a restaurant. This could pose a problem for the constant menu changes The Cheesecake Factory offers. The differences in tastes, beliefs and culture could potentially be a major challenge for this restaurant moving to the Middle East. The lack of nutritional information may also be problematic for this region, as people in different areas are sensitive to different foods and what are in the foods needs to be known as well as the caloric content of the food. As with the United States, all developed countries have become more aware of what they are eating and their health in general

Nigeria and South Africa Essay

The literature review was crucial to this dissertation since it was the major part of the dissertation that examined several secondary sources and reinforced the aim which is to critically analyse and investigate the extent to which physical infrastructure has influenced the tourism industry in Nigeria compared to South Africa. This dissertation has an adapted version of Handy’s (1994) Product Lifecycle Model because it shows the development of physical infrastructure in regards to accessibility within Nigeria and South Africa. This dissertation also has Butler’s TALC Model (1980) to demonstrate the development of tourism in Nigeria and South Africa. The dissertation assesses the impacts of the 3 A’s accessibility, Amenities and Ancillary Services by comparing Nigeria to South Africa. The dissertation answers whether physical infrastructure has positively or negatively influenced Nigeria and South Africa’s tourism industries. This dissertation also includes the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index indicators and the Global Competitiveness index indicators in order to compare the infrastructure rankings in Nigeria and South Africa. There are conclusions which evaluate what the researcher found throughout the dissertation. The recommendations stem from what the researcher discovered and discussed in the conclusions within the dissertation. Aim and Objectives Aim To critically analyse and investigate the extent to which physical infrastructure has influenced the tourism industry in Nigeria compared to South Africa. Objectives To scrutinise secondary research which discusses the state of physical infrastructure. To assess the impacts of the 3 A’s in Nigeria in comparisons to South Africa. To find out whether physical infrastructure had a positive or negative influence on both countries tourism industries. To critically analyse competitiveness indicators in relation to other data sources. To make several recommendations based on the conclusions in this dissertation. Rationale The main purpose of this dissertation is to answer the question- How has physical infrastructure influenced the tourism industry in Nigeria in comparison to South Africa? There are various reasons to why this dissertation is being written. The first reason is there is a gap in academic literature seeing that there is no existing research that compares how physical infrastructure has influenced the tourism industry in Nigeria and South Africa. This could be due to the fact that there are no qualified researchers who have been focusing on documenting such research since researchers may view Nigeria and South Africa as developing economies and would rather conduct research on other countries like England or United States of America. The second reason is that the researcher would be able to explore the aim in great detail through the usage of secondary research and secondary data. Nigeria and South Africa were chosen because both countries have significant roles and influence on the African Continent. Kwintessential (2011) states: â€Å"Along with South Africa, Nigeria is considered a super-power in the African continent. † Tourists frequently visit Nigeria and South Africa. In 2009/ 2010, more than forty-nine million tourists travelled to Africa. The top ten African Countries were Morocco which had nine point twenty-nine million tourists, South Africa had eight point nine million tourists and Nigeria had one point forty-one million tourists (TV3news, 2011). In 2011 Nigeria’s new President Goodluck Jonathan commissioned twenty-five trains and also in 2011 South Africa Transport Minister Sibusiso Ndebele introduced a law called Road Transport Management System (RTMS) which was implemented successfully. Secondary data from 2009, 2010 and 2011 was used because information linked to the Access, Amenities and Ancillary Services was available as major events closely linked to Access, Amenities and Ancillary Services occurred in Nigeria and South Africa. Contribution Secondary data would be required since quantitative data, such as statistical figures are of great importance because they are needed in order to effectively support the findings in this dissertation. The 3 A’s Accessibility, Amenities and Ancillary Services According to Buhalis (2000) there are six A’s which are Attractions, Accessibility, Amenities, Available Packages, Activities and Ancillary Services however for the purpose of this research, this dissertation will only focus on three A’s which are Accessibility, Amenities and Ancillary Services as tourists take these three A’s into consideration when travelling aboard. Accessibility is essential as it enables tourists to travel to visit numerous places within Nigeria and South Africa. Hall et al (2006) refers to Butler (1980) and Wolfe (1952) who believe that accessibility is important seeing that they acknowledge that when accessibility improves an area would experience a growth in tourist numbers. Amenities are vital since tourists need to stay and sleep in accommodation whilst in Nigeria and South Africa. Bhatia (2006) and Hall (2009) agree that accommodation gives tourists the opportunity to spend some time in a destination. Ancillary Services for instance medical facilities like hospitals are important because tourists may need medical assistance so travel insurance is recommended to cover medical emergencies. Cowie (2011) reveals that The Association of British Insurers (ABI) believe there has been an increase in the number of travel insurance claims from holidaymakers particularly holidaymakers over the age of sixty-five.

Media Studies Review

What theorists say about their theory and how It relates to mass media – only 1 theorist Flag Two basic elements In any mass communication Channel Is way by which message goes from sender to receiver Noise Interferes with the channel static out of range, Interference etc. This kind of communication Is almost never one way Feedback goes back to sender – positive or negative Profit motivates all mass communication Problem is: Noise is more than static though – there is competition, resistant Feedback isn't really passive like she saysCan be adapted, ignored, changed, sabotage it, undermine it Mclean – how his theory explains mass media Defines a medium In the broadest possible way Something In the middle, connects one thing to another It extends our senses Ex writing on the board Im extending my words to a visual thing The message has an impact regardless, the message defines itself Fundamental undermined thing is the way I present a message not what I say Q uestionable Structures imposed by the medium define the message Way we send, receive, interact, creates the rules Sometimes medium actually creates the content Ex. Loophole to ask if mom wants milk, wouldn't do that if we had to go to a payphone Because medium extends our senses and controls what's being broadcasted, said or done – medium changes us b/c we have phones, we behave differently that those without telephones we aren't aware of the process we become subject to anything It does to us – we become pawns of technology Unaware b/c we don't see the process Like Mclean does Even if we are aware of it, doesn't mean we'll react to it Criticism Instrumentalist – too much emphasis on one element Says technology is the only thing that mattersOpacity – difficult to understand him Berger Totally different, practical and hands on theorist He uses textual analysis to break down what is going on in the message Need to look at the message itself Even in a given medium we make decisions on what we watch/interact with and what we don't That shows there Is a deference Even though we're exposed to the same thing repeatedly, we see things differently each time Suggests threes something complex about the way we understand things 4 functions of text Checking the weather Objective – creating one's own reality Cartoons, any invented and artificial view of the worldExpressive – the artist's moods, the individual feelings Mimetic – imitates real life Convention vs.. Invention Fit the mold and don't do anything different vs.. Creating something new and original Reinforcing vs.. Hellenizing 8 things for analysis Marx Capital explained society Everything came down to labor and how much it was worth Had to be an industrial society of 3 classes: Capitalists – greedy, demand more money and push middle class to lower class Bourgeoisie Proletarians – going to be pushed farther down because of false consciousness (buying thi ngs they wanton) Commodity fetishism – need unnecessary things – peps proletariat falsely conscious Religion is used to deceive and keep them marching to the capitals How does it relate to Mass Media What is used to create the false consciousness by the Capitalists Fits in with Bias – it's all related to profit Use mass media to profit because they own the big companies and advertise their products for commodity fetishism Mass Media exception – the internet and social media – where capital messages might not be completely controlled; in marks time handing out pamphlets to get messages across Broodier Agreed with Marx but didn't think economic capital was the only factory Believed in hemolytic capital – culture capital, social capital, prestige, education.

Chapter 5 Martin Outline

Chapter 5 Martin Walker – The Cold War Pages 112-135 Spies in the Skies: Sputnik to U-2 1. Link between Hungarian crackdown and Soviet relations with Poland and Yugoslavia: 2. Examples of Soviet economic boom of the 50’s and 60’s 3. U. S. Reactions to Sputnik’s launch 4. Gaither Report a. Its findings b. Its recommendations c. Eisenhower’s reactions 5. National Defense Act of 1958 and its results 6. Anglo-American relations warm sults tSoviet relations with Poland and Yugoslaviaand ensuing agreements 7. French intransigence following the Suez humiliation 8. De Gaulle . Algeria and the 4th Republic e. Meeting with General Norstad f. Consequences g. ICBM worries 9. Dulles, Adenauer and France 10. French and British begin divesting their countries of empires 11. Iraq presents a problem in 1958 and how the U. S. and British dealt with it 12. British hardballing in the Middle East 13. Roots of the growing British-French mistrust 14. Coup against Khrushch ev and the aftermath 15. China h. Growing discontent with Russia i. Mao’s West vs. East wind speech j. Mao’s Nuclear war stance k. Hundred Flowers Campaign l. Great Leap Forward m.Soviet response to Chinese appeal for nuclear aid against the U. S. 16. Examples of brinkmanship by both the Soviet and the U. S. 17. Why the need to display brinkmanship 18. Maintaining a nuclear balance and the unpredictable weights 19. Berlin n. Khrushchev’s proposal o. Why the U. S. found it difficult to agree to p. Khrushchev – Adenauer meeting 20. U-2 planes and their capabilities 21. Sino-Soviet split as reason for Soviet intransigence following the Paris Summit 22. Khrushchev, Soviet conventional armed forces, and the Strategic Rocket Forces 23. Cuba, sugar, and the Soviets

Academic Goals

It’s opening night of â€Å"17 Again† starring Zac Effron, who is every teenage girl’s dream boyfriend. Do I study for my big Spanish exam or go out with my friends to see Zac Effron? When I have a big choice involving my social life and my academic career, I pick the less appealing choice: stay home in the office and study. Freshman year my dad told something that will always stick with me: â€Å"high school goes by very fast. Enjoy it while it lasts. Before you know it, you will be applying for college, then jobs.† Don’t tell my dad, but he was right.High school went by so fast. I feel like yesterday I was losing sleep about what I was going to wear for the first day of freshman year.I have been involved in competitive ski racing for seven years. Being so competitive results in traveling and missing school, I have been very good with getting my homework in advance and getting it done on the car ride to Michigan, Colorado, or wherever the race take s me that weekend. My goal is to excel in school so I can be prepared for a job in the medical profession. In college, I hope to learn more about radiology and someday have a profession in the radiology field. Graduating from college would allow me to share my talents with the world and help people.Even though Zac Effron will never be my boyfriend, â€Å"17 Again† will come out on DVD. My future depends on my academic career. Whether it is my teenage boy fantasy or a weekend of ski racing, school comes first. I will always have my parents’ advice, love and support to thank for that.

2full page reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2full page reflection paper - Essay Example long to Western countries, among others); the manner of selecting art works; and whose points of views should be emphasized as focal points for conveying the meaning of these works of art; to name a few. On the other hand, Heartney’s article argued that the works of art selected for the exhibit seemed to exemplify the skills and talents of non-Western artists as bordering between traditional local and Western culture. This has also be the subject of discussion in the interview by Buchloh with Martin (Buchloh). Upon absorbing the main thrusts of the authors’ contentions, one was able to appreciate viewing the varied works of arts which were included in the exhibit. The diversity within which these art works were chosen reflect the objective of the proponents in showcasing talents of artists from all over the world. It was therefore commendable that through publishing these articles, art enthusiasts who did not have the resources to attend the exhibit at that time, and even in contemporary times, could marvel at diverse art forms in the artists’ personal interpretation of cultural underpinnings. One could affirm that the selection for the exhibit was indeed representative of different cultures from a global sphere. Much the same assertion noted by Heartney was the revelation that â€Å"the most interesting works in the show were produced by non-Western artists conversant with the subtleties of Western art and culture and interested in the interplay between these traditions and their own† (94). One strongly believes that contemporary artists, even from non-Western countries, or those identified to be cultural margins, could have been influenced by Western culture. Specifically, due to the evolving technological and communication applications, at the time that the exhibit was organized, archaic practices, as opposed to ‘primitive’ became a crucial criteria for inclusion. Therefore, emphasizing that viewers would expect diversity and unconventional art forms